A strategic conflict analysis provides a deeper understanding of the conflict context and is an important source of information for use in longterm planning regarding how to reduce poverty through development cooperation in areas affected by violent conflict and insecurity. The term communal conflict embraces both interreligious and interethnic conflict but also may include intervillage clashes where narrower identities define the parties. To appreciate the unique distinctiveness of each ethnic identity of manipur. While the source of the conflict may be political, social, economic or religious, the individuals in conflict must expressly fight for their ethnic groups position within society. This study presents a conceptual framework for understanding the conflict in one of the most dangerous regions of the world the caucasus. Uncertainty, each ethnic conflict has its own unique characteristics and, in different contexts, some of these elements will be more prominent than the others, but all of them are the common denominators necessary for ethnic conflict to occur.
This conflict is in term of political and cultural conflict. Comparing regional and ethnic conflict in postsoviet transition states. States do nation building by integrating their ethnic groups, usually through coercion. As a result their demand for ethnic homelands has led to conflict and in turn internal displacement. The conflict is usually not about ethnic differences themselves but over political, economic. Chapter 1 theoretical approaches to conflict and order in international politics since the late 1970s,students of international relations have been caught up in the debate between the realistneorealist schools, on the one hand, and the. Such a situation can happen among individuals, groups or even nations. Nationalism, ethnic conflict, and rationality by ashutosh varshney. Concepts and theories 25 of treaties and the coining of money is independent of the government of the associated states, and, on the other hand, state governments which in certain matters are, in their turn, independent of the general government. This topic guide looks at the conflict analysis element the. Slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. Conflict, insurgency, displacement, indigenous community, immigration, land. The roots of modern theories of conflict can be traced back to max weber, karl max and sigmund freud. Datasets on intra state conflicts uppsala conflict data program correlates of war project national, ethnic and communal conflicts penn university the failed state index global peace index global conflict trends systemic peace minorities at risk journal of peace research.
Forms of ethnic violence which can be argued to have the character of terrorism may be known as ethnic terrorism or ethnicallymotivated terrorism. Often the dominant group is the state and the subordinate one is challenging its legitimacy. In non violent ethnic conflicts people do not direct attack on other ethnicity with weapon. Application of the metaprinciples, however, requires not only an understanding of the circumstances of each particular situation of conflict, but as well, an understanding of the nature of ethnicity, types of ethnic groups, the nature of ethnic identity, the nature of the process of. What defines ethic conflict as ethnic is the tendency for opposing groups to describe themselves using ethnic criteria like language, cultural elements, territorial claim, the myth of common ancestry, racial ties, and using this identity to claim equal status within a state or autonomy from it gurr, 2000. Introduction many if not most countries around the world categorize their inhabitants by race, ethnicity, andor national origins when it comes time to conduct a census. Collective ethnic conflicts are absolute and fixed. Conflict is an ever present process in human relations. Ethnic federalism has been exploited to plant division among ethnic groups so as to institutionalize and facilitate rule by the tplf and other politically affiliated groups, representing a small proportion of the population. Some different types of conflicts are described below. If you continue browsing the site, you agree to the use of cookies on this website.
Horowitz april 1998 paper prepared for the annual world bank conference on development economics, washington, d. This article examines the framing of ethnic conflict in northeast india, focusing on militant groups and insurgency in the hill areas of assam and a form of political violence known locally. In developing country incidence were low and in the developing sever. This final criterion differentiates ethnic conflict from other forms of struggle. Proponents of the broader usage do not find the narrower distinctions analytically helpful. Wetakenopositiononwhethersuchantagonismsareeconomic, political, or indeed primordially ethnic, but take it that they affect individual contributions to con. The reports divided conflicts into intra and interstate and then explored them under these two umbrella terms. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this paper are entirely those of the author. They do not necessarily represent the views of the. If it is easy to perceive separate ethnic identities, it is easier for a stronger ethnic group to initiate conflict that leads to control over resources. Ethnicity, conflict and population displacement in northeast.
In many countries ethnic groups are or have been visiting violence on each other, sometimes on a horric scale the word. An intrapsychic conflict is the conflict which an individual experiences within. The model assumes that there are intergroup antagonisms, the intensity of which can vary from individual toindividual. Power conflict occurs when the parties involved intends to maximize what influence it has in the social setting. By proposing a typology of armed conflict, the study seeks to achieve analytical clarity and contribute to conflict analysis. Ten strategies for conflict resolution when angry, separate yourself from the situation and take time to cool out. Ethnicity, conflict and population displacement in. Instrumental rationality entails a strict costbenefit calculus with respect to goals, necessi. Based on a qualitative analysis of conflict in africa, this paper has identified broad types of conflict in order to understand better the conflict dynamics, causes and drivers on the continent. Choose from 471 different sets of ethnic conflict flashcards on quizlet. The article explores various conflicts and the differences between regional and ethnic conflict.
Violent conflicts and situations of insecurity can greatly worsen poverty. Ethnic conflict ethnic conflict types of ethnic groups. Human rights in russia and the former soviet republics 22 ethnic conflict by kristina libby since the fall of the soviet union, russia has experienced high levels of ethnic conflict with regard to exit claims by former satellite states that. Ethnic conflict on the world stage introduction ethnic group, ethnic nation, ethnic nationalism civic versus ethnic nationalism national selfdetermination in practice the rise of civic nationalism the basis of ethnic identity the etiology of ethnic polarization and conflict modernization and ethnic nationalism multiethnic states and democratic. In other types of conflict, power is also evident as it involves an asserting of influence to another. Ethnic tensions are an enduring phenomenon in kenyan national life.
Collective violence, not individual violence or homicides, is at issue here. The challenge of ethnic conflict central intelligence agency. Although in some cases it can be useful to analyse conflict from this angle, it is important to note that the two types are. It arises when the ideals and aims of two individuals clash with each other. The ethnic dimension to social relations can be distinguished from dimensions based on neighbourliness, national origin, race and religion etc. In both cases the new adjective was used to designate a kind of group. The significance of a shared ethnic origin varies with the location and scale of social relations. Depending on the political structure of the state democracy versus authoritarian regimes and the size and situation of the ethnic minority large versus small portion of the society, regionally concentrated versus dispersed, ethnic groups will have different. Ethnic conflicts ethnic conflicts do not only produce domestic results, but also affect international relations and foreign policy. Competing theories of ethnic conflict in the caucasus abstract. The term communal conflict embraces both interreligious and inter ethnic conflict but also may include intervillage clashes where narrower identities define the parties. The purpose of this paper is to identify the historic and political causes for the rwandan genocide through an ethnic lens in order to determine whether ethnic division was really the cause for the atrocities or was rather just a dimension of. Ethnic conflict is constantly exacerbated by mass poverty, limited access to resources, denial of human rights, lack of national integration and issues of international peace and security.
Ethnic conflicts were the main forms of political instability in the multi ethnic societies during second half of twenty century and beginning of new. Like all forms of social conflict, ethnic conflict reflects strained relationships between the parties involved. The ethnic violence in kenya in the 1990s may be a thing of the past, but it is very much a part of the present. Structure and strategy in ethnic conflict donald l. Green as the deliberate attempt to oppose, resist or coerce the will of another or others. Conflict describes a situation in which two or more actors pursue incompatible goals. Internationalization of ethnic conflicts and impact on. It is at once the instrument of national integration and the darkhorse of internal disharmony and discord. We do not examine here which kind of conflict is more likely to occur. Articles nationalism, ethnic conflict, and rationality of value rationality and instrumental rationality.
Thus, conflict should be associated with ethnic cleavages that are based on difficult to change traits, for example, skin color and physiognomy. The causes of ethnic conflict in multiethnic societies. The end of the cold war thus sparked interest in two important questions about ethnic conflict. Weak or failed states often serve as an impetus for ethnic conflict. This article discusses the nature of ethnic conflict as well as the literature that defines and differentiates types of ethnic conflict.
The approach towards effective ethnic conflict management is analysed under four important heads to include divergences including ethnic fault lines, convergences, opportunities and threats. Furthermore, most of the literature agrees on the operationalization of ethnic conflict into a simple dichotomous variable. Using empirical evidence, the project aimed to identify postcold war operational trends in armed. It is up to the people and the leaders to make sure that it doesnt happen.
Urdu hindi conflict definition in urdu hindi types of conflicts. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Ethnic conflict, a form of conflict in which the objectives of at least one party are defined in ethnic terms, and the conflict, its antecedents, and possible solutions are perceived along ethnic lines. But in fact, the determining factor of the movements was a politi cal one. Application of the metaprinciples, however, requires not only an understanding of the circumstances of each particular situation of conflict, but as well, an understanding of the nature of ethnicity, types of ethnic groups, the nature of ethnic identity, the nature of the process of ethnic identity construction and change. An ethnic conflict is a conflict between two or more contending ethnic groups.
But incidence of ethnic violence was different in varying country. An ethnic conflict is a conflict between two ethnic groups within a state, one dominant and one subordinate. A conflict can start in one type of setting and shift to another one, depending on the given situation. Sociology identifies interpersonal as well as group or intraintra unit conflict, as well as intergroup conflict. Before tackling conflicts in africa one should first consider conflict in general. Psychology as a discipline has espoused on intrapersonal conflict. Both types of opportunity costs are lowered by inequality. Thus, the political demands of some ethnic groups eg secession may affect the legitimacy of the states territorial borders. With regard to conflict, the aprm has stated as one of its objectives the prevention and reduction of inter and intrastate conflict. Machiavelli, clausewitz and adam smith are important writers in western tradition of conflict analysis. There are eminent sociologists like gillin and gillin and others who have pointed out five forms of conflict namely, personal, racial, political, and international and class conflict. Experience in human society has shown that there aredegree s of variation in conflicts.
Both of these rationalities are expressions of goaldirected behavior, but their conceptions of costs widely diverge. This type of conflict analysis tends to be discussed as. A crossnational survey of the 2000 census round ann morning department of sociology, new york university i. Individual conflict individual conflict occurs in two ways.
The followers of the functional approach think that a conflict serves a social function and those who view a conflict as situational, suggest that conflict is an expression under certain situations. One reason for this is that some ethnic identities are more easily observed by members of other groups. Ethnic conflict ethnic conflict structural factors. Pdf weaknesses of ethnic federalism in ethiopia haymi. Conflict analyses can be conducted at various levels and phases of the development cooperation process and programme cycle, during, for example, regional and national strategic planning, the design and planning of specific programmes, and. Developing country management ethnic conflict by participation and justice policy that the equality is the best way for resolve this problem. While the origin while the origin of the conflict may be polit ical, social, economic or religious. To summarize, we construct a simple model of ethnic con. In particular, it is possible that some types of ethnic identities are harder to shed than others. An empirical study by joan esteban, laura mayoral, and debraj ray we examine empirically the impact of ethnic divisions on conflict, by using a specification based on esteban and ray 2011. Types of conflict conflict resolution, definition of. The most striking examples in postsoeharto indonesia are the conflicts in poso, central sulawesi from 1998 to 2001. The impact of ethnic conflict on economic development.
Learn ethnic conflict with free interactive flashcards. Conflict in south sudan and the challenges ahead congressional research service summary south sudan, which separated from sudan in 2011 after almost 40 years of civil war, was drawn into a devastating new conflict in late 20, when a political dispute that overlapped with preexisting ethnic and political fault lines turned violent. Literature on causes of ethnic conflict covers a number of competing theories. Not all ethnic groups are politically active or engage in ethnic conflict. Academic explanations of ethnic conflict generally fall into one of three schools of thought. One more conceptual clarification concerns the various forms of violent conflict. This specific issue is the object of esteban and ray 2008 where the ethnic and income. That theory links conflict intensity to three indices of ethnic distribution. An ethnic conflict is a conflict between two or more rival ethnic groups. Isajiw university of toronto paper presented at joint canadaunited states conference on themeasurement of ethnicity, ottawa, ontario, canada, april 2, 1992.
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